By Ronan Glon of Autocar
Engine displacement calculator Beetle gear ratios Valve Adjustments Oil change on an old Volkswagen Beetle How to change the gearbox oil in a VW Beetle VW 1600 Engine Rebuild Setting Crankshaft End Play Starting the Engine Engine 1.2 (D) Engine 1.3 (AR) Engine 1.5 (K) Engine 1.6 (AD) Engine 1.6 (AS) Engine 1.6 (T) Engine 1.7 (CA/CE) Engine 1.8. After July 1971 when the engine bay was enlarged to cater for the optional larger engine the Chassis (VIN) number was moved to the rear right side of the engine bay. Engine number is located on the rear crankcase flange below the generator support for 1.6 litre engines and on top of the engine.
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There were over 160 American car manufacturers in 1919.
That number dropped to about 15 by 1969 and the industry has consolidated at 11 in 2021.
Many of the automakers that disappeared during the first part of the 20th century didn't leave a trace. New York's Houpt doesn't have an owner's club and Ottokar (Cleveland) doesn't have its own museum. However, others had a profound effect on American citizens and the country's economy when they closed. Thousands of jobs disappeared overnight and several factories closed, some never to re-open.
Join us for a look at the rise and fall of the once-glorious American automakers that no longer exist:
© StudebakerREVISED: 3/7/09Kaddy
Douglas Kaddy, West Groton CT.1934 = 1pOhwM; 20hp Ace motorcycle engine; span: 20'0' v: 30. Parasol ultralight was limited to flights around a local pasture because, Kaddy explained, 'That kind of operation in 1934 in this part of the country was highly illegal.'
Kadiak
Everett E David, Detroit MI.Kadiak KC-1 [R11312] (Dan Shumaker coll)
Kadiak KC-1 [NR11312] (Frank Rezich coll)
KC-1 Speedster 1931 = 1pOB; 55hp Velie M-5; range: 550. Repowered with 90hp Lambert; span: 19'10' length: 16'8' v: 155/132/52. POP: 1 [NR11312=N41C]. David was 25 years old when he built KC-1 and taught himself to fly in it. Sold in 1939, damaged in a Texas tornado c.1961, and rebuilt. Relicensed in 1951, it was seen still active in California 1977. 'Kadiak' is Inuit spelling for the Kodiak bear of Alaska.
Kaess
Kaess Aircraft Engr Co, NJ.CL-1 1926 = 3pOMF; 70hp Anzani 6A3; span: 36'8' length: 22'0'. Custom-built, designed by 'Belanco' (Bellanca?) for a Karl Mueller. Destroyed in a fatal crash at Lake Hopatcong NJ on 7/29/27 (p: Earl Beers).
Kaiser
Daniel (or Donald?) Kaiser, Chicago IL.Triplane 1912 = The only textual description found was a 'double biplane with paired wings, and two sets of landing wheels fore and aft.' Reportedly had a metal-covered fuselage; built but never flown. An enigma here with two subsequent (1926) aircraft registrations that could be from the same person, and with two possible mispellings, but which is the correct one remains to be solved. Conversely, by some very odd coincidence, Daniel could be three different persons living in the Lake Michigan area. To be considered, as well, is that DoC registrations scribes had a very cavalier attitude toward spelling, names in particular.
Kaiser, Kayser
Dan Kaiser or Kayser, Racine WI.Canuck 1926 = 2pOB; 90hp Curtiss OX-5. Intention seemingly was to duplicate Canadian Curtiss JN-4s as new manufacture, but the motivation behind that is unknown, and curious at best. Racine Journal reported that 'Kayser' left for Milwaukee in 1929 to become manager of Curtiss-Wright Airport 'and took his factory with him.' SEE previous entry.
Kaiser, Kiser
Daniel Kiser or Kaiser, Milwaukee WI.Airliner 1926 = 7pCB; 300hp Hisso; span: 30'0' length: 47'0' (?). POP: 1 [NC2865] c/n 21. Sold to a party in Kenosha in 1928 and its path faded. There was also a Packard-powered 'Kiser' registered, [C931N] c/n 53, but no supporting data were found. SEE previous entries.
Could this be the Charles Munsall plane used for barnstroming? {— John M Jarratt 5/20/02)
Kaiser-Fleetwings SEE Fleetwings
Kaiser-Hammond
(Henry J) Kaiser-(Lloyd) Stearman Aircraft Co, Oakland CA.Y-2 Aircar 1946 = 4pClwM; 220hp Lycoming R-680 pusher; load: 2200# v: 150/130/40 range: 600. Postwar attempt by industrialist Kaiser to revive a modernized, air-scoopless Stearman-Hammond failed in the face of financial hurdles. POP: 1 [NX91090].
Kalec
No location.c.1928 = No specs or data.
I have a picture of a 2pOB, vintage of 1928, no visible reg. On the back is the notation 'Kalec Biplane,' although the hen-scratch could be 'It' instead of a 'K'. I suspect that it was taken in Michigan by Don Wigton, from whom the print came. Not a bad looking little job with either an Anzani or a stationary LeRhone. (— John W Underwood)
Kaman
12/12/45: (Charles H) Kaman Aircraft Corp, Bradley Field, Windsor Locks CT. 1953: Bloomfield CT. 1967: Kaman Corp. 1969: Kaman Aerospace division.
H-2 Seasprite 1959 - CH; ff: 7/?/59.
HH-2C, -2D 1970 = SAR duties. UH-2 conversions, with a second T58 added for increased performance.
UH-2C 1966 = Twin-engine conversion from UH-2A and -2B with General Electric T58-GE-8Bs; ff: 3/14/66. POP: 40.SH-2D Super Seasprite
Vw Beetle Engine Serial Number Location Lookup
1997 = POP: 20 conversions of HH-2D with torpedoes, sonar buoys, surveillance electronics under Light Airborne Multipurpose System (LAMPS) technology, as well as search and rescue (SAR).YSH-2E 19?? = no data.
SH-2F 19?? = T58 upgrade and electronics modifications.
SH-2G 1985 = Export version. Two GE T700 turboshafts.
H-43, HH-43, UH-43 Huskie (K-600) - Production version of HOK-1 for USAF. 2-4pCH; ff: 9/19/58 (?>12/13/58). Twin, intermeshing, counter-rotating blades. Redesignated as HH in 1962.H-43A 1958 = POP: 18 to USAF.Kaman H-43B (Kaman)
H-43B 19?? = Enlarged cabin and greater payload for SAR duty; 860hp Lycoming T53-L-11B free-shaft turbine; rotor 47'0' length: 25'0' load: 1592# v: 203/112/0 range: 262 ceiling: 26,000'. POP: 185 (?>203) [59-1540/1593, 60-0251/0292, 61-2920/2922, -2943/2954, 62-4509/4565, -5976/5979, -12513/12514, 63-9710/9717, 64-17557/17559].
UH-43C SEE HUK.
OH-43D 19?? = USAF designation.
TH-43E 1962 = Redesignation of TK-1.
Kaman HH-43F (Kaman via John K Lewis)
HH-43F 1965 = Lycoming T53-L-11A. POP: 33 (?>42) [64-14213/14220, -15097/15103, -17682, 65-10647/10656, -12755/12758, -12914/12915], plus conversions from HH-43B.
Kaman HOK-1 (Kaman)
HOK 195? = USMC utility and ambulance. 4-12pCH; 600hp P&W R-1340-48; rotor: 47'0' length: 25'0' load: 1760# v: 104/92/0 range: 220 ceiling: 18,000' (hover) 9,000'. Triple tails, twin intermeshing rotors. POP: 81 as HOK-1. USAF version OH-43.
HTK Huskie - 3pCH; 235hp Lycoming O-435. Some reference sources have referred to these as K-5.
XHTK-1 1951 = Designation possibly used for 2p K-225 in evaluation; ff: 12/12/51. POP: 2 [125446/125447].Kaman HTK-1 (Kaman)
HTK-1 19?? = POP: 29.
HTK-1K 1957 = Drone; ff: 7/30/57. POP: possibly 2 [129344, 138602, x]; there is photographic evidence of the first flying as a drone.
XHTK-1G 195? = Possible USCG designation for K-225. POP: 1 [V1239], tranferred to USN in 1954 (reported s/n [51917] does not fit in any serial listing found).
HTK-2 1954 = No data; ff: 3/26/54.
HU2K 1959 = USN personnel transport, ship-to-shore supply, SAR, and ambulance. 14pCH rg; 825hp GE YT58; rotor: 44'0' length: 52'2'. HU2K-1, later redesignated as UH-2 Seasprite. One modified with two T58 turboshafts in 1965 was prototypical HH-2C and -2D.HUK Huskie 195? = CH; P&W R-1340-52; rotor: 47'0' length: 25'2' v: 120. POP: 24 as HUK-1 [146304/146327]. Those in service on 9/18/62, were redesignated as UH-43C.
K-5 - Unsubstantiated designation, sometimes seen referring to HTK.
Kaman K-16B (AAHS)
Kaman K-16B (magazine clip)
K-16B 1960 = Tilt-wing V/STOL. ChwMAm; two 875-1024hp GE T58-2A propjets; span: 34'0' length: 38'4' v: 247/190/0 ceiling (hover): 2500'. Gross wt: 8900#. Fuselage from Grumman JRF-5 Goose.
Kaman K-17 (Kaman)
K-17 1958 = 1pOH; 400hp Blackburn Turbomeca 600 turbine. Tip-driven rotor employing the cold-cycle pressure jet principle to feed compressed air to the nozzles.
K-125 1947 = Initial product. 2pOH; 125hp Lycoming O-290; rotor: 38'0' v: 100/80/0. Charles Kaman; ff: 1/16/47. Two intermeshing, counter-rotating blades on angled driveshafts. Tandem seating. POP: 1 prototype [NX63077], vibrated fitfully on its maiden flight, but attracted enough backers to kick-start a long-lived company.
Kaman K-190 [NX74105] (Kaman)
K-190 1948 = 3p K-125 with 190hp Lycoming; load: 900# v: 90. POP: 1 [NX74105].
Kaman K-225 [N404A] (Kaman)
K-225 1947 = 3p K-125 with 225hp Lycoming O-435-2; v: 73. Later became the world's first turboshaft helicopter with installation of a Boeing 502 engine. POP: 11 [N404A, et al], 2 to USN [125446/125447] and 1 to USCG [V1239].
K-240 SEE TK-1.
Kaman Seasprite [N352KA] for New Zealand (Kaman)
K-894 2000 = Seasprite exports?
Kaman K-1125 (Kaman)
K-1125 Huskie III 1962 = Civil transport design based on H-43B. 2-14pCH; two 500hp Boeing YT60, replaced by 770hp P&W PT6B-11. Underwent lengthy USAF trials but did not stir up any interest.
K-1200 1991 = Commercial duty. Certificated 1994.
Kaman K-MAX [N312KA] (Kaman)
K-MAX 1997 = 1p industrial flying crane; lifted 6000# loads and could operate at 15,000'.
Kaman KSA-100 [N6256] (Kaman)
KSA-100 Saver 1971 = This stowable 'Aircrew Vehicle Escape Rotorseat,' with telescoping blades driven by a Williams Research WR-19 turbofan, was the world's first jet-powered autogiro [N6256]. It was a combat escape system to allow combat pilots to eject from their aircraft and have a means of flying up to 50 miles to friendly territory. Although it flew, it was not considered a viable proposition by the military and the research was abandoned.
Kaman HTK-1 (Kaman)
TK Huskie aka K-240 1961 = 3pCH; 240hp Lycoming O-435-4; ff: 8/26/61. POP: 29 as TK-/HTK-1 [128653/128660, 129300/129317, 137833/137835]. Redesignated as TH-43E in 1962. One modified in Mar 1954 to become world's first twin-turbine helicopter.
-Fairey Rotodyne c.1960 = Licensed production of British 48pCH with single main rotor and two gas turbines is inknown.
Kaminskas
Rim (or Ray) Kaminskas, Chino CA.Jungster I aka Papoose Jungmeister 1962 = Home-built 1pOB; 125hp Lycoming; span: 17'0' length: 16'6' v: x/110/50 range: 200; ff: 9/1/62. Design based on a Bücker Jungmeister with 15-degree swept-back wing. [N3372G]
Jungster II 1966 = 1pOhwM. A slightly larger, strut-braced parasol wing version of the previous; 180hp Lycoming; span: 22'0' length: 20'0 v: 160/150/53. [N4086]. Marketed plans for home-builders.
Jungster III 1968 = 1pOB; 125hp Lycoming O-290; span: 16'0' length: 15'0'; ff: 9/1/68. Later modified and raced as Jonathan Livingston Seagull to second place at Reno biplane championship in 1972 [N4821].
Kansas City
1926: Kansas City Aircraft Co (pres: George or Gordon L Bennett), Richards Field, Kansas City MO. May 1930: Merged with Bird Wing Commercial Aircraft Co, St Joseph MO.A 1929 = Unknown type; Velie. POP: probably only 1 [X594H] c/n 29001. Renamed Bird Wing in Jan 1931.
Cabin 1926 = 5pO/CB; 200hp Hall-Scott L-6 span: 50'0'+. Looked like a modified Douglas Cloudster design. Pilot in open cockpit, passengers in forward cabin. Rebuilt with Hisso 2/14/28; also an undated record shows a 400hp Liberty somewhere in its trail. License expired 3/18/29. POP: 1 [2235]. Seen also as Bennett Airliner.
Kari-Keen
c.1926: Kari-Keen Mfg Co ('Karrier' car luggage trunks), 2201 7 St, Sioux City IA. 1928: subsidiary Kari-Keen Aircraft Inc (fdrs: Ernest A Arndt, Swen Swanson, W W Wilson, one other unnamed), 509-511 Plymouth St, Sioux City IA; test field at 4320 41 St (ex-Leeds Airport), Polk City IA. 1931: Reorganized as Sioux Aircraft Corp, but soon ended operations.Kari-Keen 60 [NC109N] (Dan Shumaker coll)
60-A Sioux Coupe 1928 (ATC 2-81) = 2pChwM; 45-55hp Velie M-5; span: 30'0' length: 22'9' load: 480# v: 100/85/45 range: 375; ff: ?/?/28 (p: Arnie Stensrude). Swen Swanson. Cantilever wings. $3,300; POP: 22 [96M, 411, 459, 568, C108N, C109N, NC143V/144V, NC183N/184N, NC244K, NC246M, 659E, 7377, 7567, 7897, 7977, NC812M, NC847N/848N, NC876N/877N], possibly 2 more. [NC244K] repowered with 60hp Lambert and was active into the mid-'50s.
Kari-Keen 90 [NC10380] (Frank Rezich coll)
90, 90-B. 90-C Sioux Coupe 1930 (ATC 331) = 2pChwM; 90hp Lambert R-266; span: 30'0' length: 23'2' load: 534# v: 115/100/45 range: 420. Gazley & LaSha (NY aero engr firm), based on Swen Swanson design. $3,365; POP: 8 [NC10190, NC10380, NC10447/10448, NC10543/10544, NC10721 (as 90-B), NC10735 (as 90-C)]. Company ceased operations after settling a lawsuit when a pilot crashed fatally in exhibition stunting.
Karp
Larry Karp, Deer Park NY.Canary Hawk c.1980 = 1pOB; 130hp Avco Lycoming O-290. Americanized version of the Swedish Andreasson BA-4.
Kaufmann
Charles H Kaufmann, 49 Poinier St, Newark NJ.A 1929 = 3pOB; 90hp Curtiss OX-5; span: 30'6' length: 25'0'. [534]. Rebuilt 2/30, and licensed 3/7/30 [534] c/n 1, then sold without motor 10/23/31, with no activity reported. Sold again 10/1/33 to Albert Gleek, who ultimately rebuilt it as a 1pOhwM. SEE Gleek.
Kauffman
K K Kauffman, Pittsburgh PA.A-1 1931 = 'Land monoplane' with 27hp Henderson. [11688] c/n 101; license cancelled 2/9/33.
Kauffold Skybaby SEE Chester Swee' Pea
Keane
1920: (Horace) Keane Aeroplanes, North Beach, Long Island NY. c.1921: Acquired rights to ACE (Aircraft Engr Co, NY). c.1925: Keane Aircraft Corp, Keyport NJ.Ace c.1921 = 1pOB. Keane purchased the inventory and manufacturing rights to ACE K-1, and photos of the plane appeared in some Keane ads. POP: reportedly 7, the last of which had folding wings, according to historian John W Underwood..
HKL-27 1929 = 2pOlwM; 82hp Ford V-8; span: 36'8' length: 23'4' load: 650# v: 112/94/47 range: 450 ceiling: 12,000'. Horace Keane. Short-lived redesign of Aeromarine Klemm AKL-26; wood framework, fabric covered. $1,800; POP: 5.
Keen
Charles F Keen, Madison WI.Keen Special [578W] (Frank Rezich coll)
Special 1934 = 2pOhwM; 125hp Warner Scarab. [578W].
Keith Rider SEE Rider
Keleher
James Keleher, Fremont CA.Lark c.1961 = 1pCmwM; 65hp Continental: span: 23'0' length: 17'0' load: 305# v: 132/119/x range: 350. Supplied data referred to later version Lark 1-B, which could have been JK-1.
Lark JK-1 19?? = Aerobatic home-built. 1pCmwM; 75hp Continental; span: 23'0' length: 17'7' load: 300# v: 135/122/55 range: 300 ceiling: 15,000'.
Keller
Henry S 'Pop' Keller, Chicago IL.1925 = 3pO/CM; Wright J-4B Whirlwind; span: 40'0' length: 26'0'. Reportedly used on Dickinson's CAM-9 operation [2098]. Crashed 8/8/27 and reg cancelled.
Octoplane 1911 = An eight-wing creation with a total span of 160' (chord was only 2'), and a vertically-mounted inline motor. SEE ALSO Partridge-Keller.
Keller
Fred Keller, Anchorage AK.Prospector STOL 1989 = 2pCmwM; 150hp Lycoming O-320; span: 33'0'.
Kellett
Kellis
Kellis Air-Truck (Boardman C Reed)
Air-Truck 19?? = 1pOT; no data.
Kellogg
Harold W Kellogg, Ontario CA.Monoplane 1930 = 2phwM; 45-50hp Anzani; no specs found. POP: 1 home-built [X290V], sold to Ray Torrey on 9/6/31, but reg cancelled when required documents were received by CAA, so the plane assumably was not flown by Torrey.
Kelly
John Henry Kelly, El Dorado AR; later Alexandria LA.1930 = 3pOhwM; 100hp Kinner K-5. [10495] c/n 100. Application for experimental license denied by CAA. Suffered a fatal accident at Alexandria on 4/4/34 and reg cancelled.
Kelly
Dudley R Kelly, Versailles KY.Kelly-D 1981 = Home-built. 2pOB; 125hp Lycoming O-290-D; span: 24'4' length: 19'3'; ff: 12/20/81. Plans marketed for $150, kits available from commercial sources.
Kelly
Kevin Kelly. No location.Barbara Jean II c.1995 = Formula 1 racer; span: 20'0' length: 18'0'. Entered in 1995 Reno NARs as race number 36.
Kember
Scott Kember, Sacramento CA.Nazgul c.1970 = 1pOhwMFb; 65hp Lycoming O-145. [N15Y].
Kendall
George C Distel & Ralph A Kendall, Le Sueur MN.Crescent A 1932 = 2pOM; 65hp Velie M-5; no specs. [12919] c/n 1; reported to CAA as dismantled 12/23/33.
Kensinger
Ned Kensinger, Forth Worth TX.KF, Special 1962 = 1pClwM racer; 90hp Continental C-90-12F; span: 18'6' length: 16'5' v: 184. Based on, or built-up from, Long Midget Mustang [N23S]. Crashed in Great Britain on 7/2/69.
This aircraft is now being restored to flying condition here in England ... registered as [GASSV] and wearing race number 76. The aeroplane was damaged in an accident in 1969 and then placed into storage until I acquired it for restoration in 1993. (— Christopher Jefferson 7/4/00)
Tater Chip 1954 = 1pCmwM racer; 65hp Continental; span: 18'0' v: 250. Built with assistance by Maynard Korkell (?>Corkill). Crashed 7/4/60 in racing [N31E].
Kentucky
1926: Kentucky Aircraft Co, Owensboro, KY. 1927: Assets, including the flying field, purchased by Robertson Aircraft Corp.Cardinal 1927 = 3pOB; 90hp Curtiss OX-5; v: 100. V-struts. POP: 2. Production was suspended because of the death of principal, Frank Sheehan, although the state of the economy might have had much to do with it, as well.
Kenyon
Harold & Kenneth Kenyon, Warren OH.A 1937 = 2pCM; 65hp Velie. [18374].
Kerestesi
Charles A Kerestesi, Elgin IL.G-1 195? = 1pCmwM; 85hp Continental C-85; span: 19'0'. Fabric-covered steel-tube fuselage, Cessna-type spring landing gear. [N535].
Kerrison
Dr Davenport Kerrison, Jacksonville FL.c.1909 = 1pOB; Wright type pusher; span: 57'0'.
Kersey-Hudgins-Kennedy
C C Kersey, James Hudgins, Virgil Kennedy, Ft Worth TX.1934 = 2pOM; 65hp Velie. [11998].
Kestrel
Kestrel Aircraft Co (fdr: Donald L Stroud), Norman OK.Kestrel KL-1A [N960KA] (Kestrel)
KL-1A 1995 = 4pCM; 160hp Lycoming O-320-D2A; span: 37'2' length: 26'9' load: 1295# v: 167/145/50. Donald Stroud. Handsome entry into the all-composite personal aircraft market. [N960KA].
Kestrel KL-1C [N154BP] (Kestrel)
KL-1C 1995 = Utility version with 250hp Continental TSIO-360C; span: 36'5' length: 27'0' load: 1295# v: 165/152/54 range: 866 ceiling: 18,200'. [N154BP, N780HP].
Ketner
Floyd Ketner & H S Dickenson dba Ketner Air Coach Co, no location.Air Coach 1926 = 3pOB; 90hp OX-5. POP: 1 [1191]. John M Jarratt suspects this might be a modified and repowered surplus Bristol ('Brisfit') Fighter.
Keys-Hoyt
1930:(Clement M) Keys and (Richard F) Hoyt Group as a financial holding organization in the Great Depression.Aircraft & Airways of America Inc
Reading Airways Inc
Servair Inc
Aviation Corp of Calif
Aviation Credit Corp
Aviation Exploration Inc
Aviation Securities Corp
Aviation Securities Corp of New England
Cessna Aircraft Corp
China Airways Corp of New York
Curtiss Assets Corp
Curtiss-Reid Aircraft Corp Ltd
The Curtiss-Wright Corp
Curtiss Aeroplane & Motor Co
Curtiss Aeroplane Export Corp
Curtiss Airports Inc
Curtiss-Caproni Corp
Curtiss-Robertson Airplane Mfg Co
Curtiss-Wright Flying Service Inc
Curtiss-Wright Sales Corp
Keystone-Loening Aeronautical Corp
Moth Aircraft Corp
New York Air Terminals Inc
New York & Suburban Air Lines
Reed Propeller Co
Travel Air Mfg Co Inc
Wright Aeronautical Corp
Intercontinent Aviation Inc
National Air Transport Inc
National Aviation Corp
Aeronautical Industries Inc
North American Aviation Inc
Eastern Air Transport Inc
Ford Instrument Co
Sperry Gyroscope Co
St Louis Aviation Corp
Transcontinental Air Transport-Maddux Air Lines Inc
Varney Airlines
Keystone, Keystone-Loening
Kidd
T L Kidd, San Antonio TX.1933 = 2pOM; 65hp Velie. [11964] c/n 2. Rebuilt in Holland TX 7/6/37, license expired 8/15/39; fate unknown
Adventurer 1934 = 3pOB; 150hp Hisso. [13953].
Killingsworth
Richard Killingsworth, Ft Walton Beach FL.DSK-1 Hawk 1973 = 1pCmwM; 65hp Lycoming O-145; span 20'4' length: 15'0' load: 370# v: 235/211/x range: 550; ff:5/26/73. [N3SK]. POP: 45 known to be under construction by home-builders by 1977.
Kimball
(Wilbur R) Kimball Aircraft Corp, Naugatuck CT.Kimball (Jean-Pierre Lauwers coll)
1908 = 1pOH; 50hp Aero & Marine; rotors: 4'0'. Empty wt: 112#, gross wt: 600#. Kimball had the bizarre belief that a large number of small rotors would be lighter than one large rotor of the same total disk area. Thus his helicopter had no less than 20 rotors covering an area of 320 sqft, belt-driven by the single motor. Drive system problems developed, not surprisingly, and the framelike machine never left the ground. It was later destroyed in a fire.
1910 = 1pO ornithopter-type, curved shoulder-wings on either side; twin props driven by a motor mounted behind the pilot.
New York #1 1909 = 1pOB; 50hp 4-cyl auto engine driving eight 4'0', four-blade, pusher props by way of a wire-rope belt. A previous model, with six propellers, never got off the ground at its much-publicized unveiling at Morris Park. This second design, sponsored by the New York Aero Club, was damaged slightly at its christening on 5/18/09, 'as the propellers would not all work,' but it eventually gained success to some degree, only to crash two months later.
Kimball Tailless (National Archives)
Tailless 1911 = Similar to New York #1 except with two chain-driven tractor propellers. Farman-type trailing-edge ailerons; span: 32'0' length: c.26'0'.
Kimbell
Gene Kimbell, Dimmitt TX.1935 = 2pOM; 62hp Velie; span: 30'0' length: 19'0'; ff: 7/1/35 (p: Maj Ovid F Pine). Designed and built by Kimbell, who bought a book on aerodynamics and taught hiself welding, the ship's stability and performance was praised by a 'Major Pine.' Kimbell, as well, finally made his solo flight, then gave up aviation for marriage and sold his creation [13970]. Reportedly was written off c.1938 when it nosed over after an 'illegal flight,' whatever that was.
King Bird SEE Western
King's
King's Engineering Fellowship and Angel Aircraft Corp, Orange City IA.King's Angel 44 [N44KE] (Angel Aircraft)
Angel 44 1984 = STOL for cargo/passenger bush operations and feeder airlines. 8pClwM rg; two 300hp Textron Lycoming IO-540 pushers; span: 40'0' length: 33'3' load: 1920# v: 201/190/66 ceiling: 20,555' range: 1129-1720; ff: 1/13/84 [N44KE]. Carl Mortenson. Take-off run: 658', landing roll: 585'. Certified by FAA 10/20/92.
Kinman
Duane Kinman, Rubidoux CA.Super Simple I c.1978 = 1pClwM; 57hp VW; span: 24'0' length: 16'0' load: 230# v: 124/113/56 range: 280. [N235K].
Kinner
Kippers
Harold M Kippers, Mukwonago WI.K-1 Land Monoplane 1928 = 1pOhwM; 50hp Gnôme rotary. Looked somewhat like a wartime Fokker D.8 fighter. First powered by a Chevrolet conversion [426].
Kirk
Joe Kirk, location unknown.Skat 1966 = Home-built. 1pOhwM or OmwM; 40-65hp various; span: (high-wing) 18'6' (mid-wing) 20'3' load: 250# length: 18'0' v: 120/115/50 range: 250 ceiling: 12,000'. Tricycle gear; steel-tube fuselage, wood and fabric wings. Optional configuration as parasol or mid-wing monoplane.
Kirkham
1912: (Charles B) Kirkham Motor Mfrs, Savona NY. 1913: Kirkham Aeroplane & Motor Co, Bath NY. c.1926: Kirkham Products, Garden City, NY. c.1930: Farmingdale NY. 1938: Became Liberty Aircraft Production Corp.Kirkham (magazine clip via Berhard C F Klein)
19?? = 1pOB; 40hp Kirkham; no specs found. Photo identified as '1911 Kirkham,' which date needs to be resolved.
Kirkham Air Yacht (magazine clip)
Air Yacht 1925 = 5pO/CmwMFb; 450hp Napier Lion pusher; span: 47'8' load: 1820# v: 145/125/60 range: 560. POP: 1 built for Cornelius Vanderbilt heirs.
Kirkham Racer (1913 Jane's)
Racer 1912 = 1pOB; 50hp Kirkham; span: 34'0' length: 27'7' v: 62/50/30-35 range: 275. Charles Kirkham.
Kirkham-Williams
(Charles B) Kirkham and (Alford) Williams, Long Island NY.Kirkham-Williams X Original on floats [X648] (Charles G Mandrake coll)
Kirkham-Williams X Wheeled version [X648] (Frank Rezich coll)
X 1927 = 1pOB/OBF; 1250hp Packard X-2775; span: 29'10' length: 26'9' v: 323. A private seaplane venture by engine manufacturer Kirkham and then-Navy Lt Al Williams, with support by Packard Motors, for the Schneider Trophy Race prize of $100,000. All-wood construction, powered by two 625hp Packard V-1500s mounted in a common crankcase to form an impressive four-bank, 24-cylinder, X-shape motor—hence the model designation. Originally on twin pontoons, money ran out during the testing stage and the plane never made it to the starting gate at Venice, Italy. It was converted to wheels, however, and later set an unofficial world speed record of 322.6 mph.
Kirsten
Prof Frederick K Kirsten, University of WA.Kirsten (clip: 1935 Modern Mechanix)
Cycloid Theory (clip: ibid.)
More Cycloid Theory (clip: ibid.)
Kirsten 1934 = Odd design project—as a 'cycloidal flying machine'—by notable professor of aero engineering Kirsten, one of several with revolving airfoil-shaped blades replacing wings and stablizer to offer faster airspeed and slower landings, as well as hover. Based on the wing-rotation employed by birds, in level flight cycloidal blades each make a half-turn for every revolution, giving horizontal top blades four times the lift per unit of a fixed wing, bottom blades would be vertical and provide thrust while moving backwards in the path of flight. Theory: If a bottom blade is moving backward at 100 mph, the top blade is moving forward at 200 mph with respect to the air—speed of the blades in their orbit plus speed of the machine that supports them. The attached clips help in explaining this graphically.
Kistler
James Kistler, no location.Kistler Skeeter [N31C] (K O Eckland coll)
1949 = 1pCmwM; 85hp Continental C-85. William Statler. Midget racer La Jollita (p: John Paul Jones) [N31C]. Modified in the 1960s as Miss San Bernardino (p: Art Scholl) [N31Z]; aka Scholl F-1. Renamed Skeeter in 1977 and flown by Kistler.
Kitfox SEE Denney
Kitty Hawk SEE Bourdon
Klampher
G F Klampher, Wichita KS.Klampher [492N] (Roy Nagl coll)
1930 = 1pOM with Ford Model T engine. POP: 1 [492N]; no specs found. Reported to CAA as dismantled 11/21/32, reg cancelled 12/21//32.
Klassen
Gyroplane c.1910 = Jane's description: 'Girder framework on a runner forward, and two wheels aft. Four 12-sided slightly mushroom planes, carried one on either side right forward and right aft; four chain-driven propellers under each plane.' That's all you get for now.
Klemm SEE Aeromarine Klemm
Kline
Warren Kline, Miami FL.Red Bird 1955 = 1pOhwM; 65hp Continental; span: 20'10' length: 17'4' load 300# v: x/95/40. Severly modified from a clipped-wing Piper J-3.
Klinedorf
Karl D Klinedorf, Gary IN.1936 = 1pOhwM; 28hp Aeronca E-107A. Modified Long Longster with all-wood fuselage, parasol wing; ff: 9/20/36 (p: Hugh Gamble). [15789].
Knabenshue
1910 = 1pOB; a Wright-type, reportedly with 'a Curtiss-type chassis,' likely patterned closely on Wright A, created by a pioneer who was much better known for his lighter-than-air craft.
Knepper
(Paul H) Knepper Aircraft, Lehighton PA.Knepper KA-1 [NX28856] (Tom Beamer coll)
KA-1 Crusader 1941 = 2pChwM; 75hp Lycoming O-145; span: 36'0' length: 21'6' load: 650# v: 112/108/38 range: 600. Paul Knepper; ff: 6/11/41. Tricycle gear; fabric-covered steel-tube construction. [NX28856]. Restored 1990 by Russell Fisher and Leon Snyder, both of who built the original at East Penn Airport, Andreas PA. They donated it to the Pennsylvania State Museum.
KAC-4 Crusader 1941 = KA-1 with 85hp Lycoming(?); v: 115/105/x.
KAC-5 Crusader c.1946 = KAC-4 with 100hp Lycoming O-235; v: 125/112/40 range: 500.
Knight Twister
1928: Vernon W Payne, Cicero IL. Name evolved from a pun, 'A good knight's work.' 1938: Ended production after failing to secure financing, but there were a few experimental prototypes built after this date, and sales of plans continued. c.1947: 5047 Miami St, St Louis MO. c.1960: Kit and plans sales, Long Beach CA.1934 = 1pOB; 50hp Anzani; span: 15'0'. POP: 1.
About that Anzani, it's possible that Payne considered it, but it was never used. The prototype [13661] originally had a 45hp Salmson. It was later rebuilt and much improved around a 50-hp Douglas, which was an air-cooled conversion of the Ford Model A engine. (— John W Underwood 10/17/07)
Junior 75-85 c.1948 = Rebuilt KTS-1; 75hp Continental A-75; span: 14'0' length: 10'9'. Crashed during a test flight, killing Payne's son.
KT 1933 = 1pOB; 70hp Ford B; span: 15'0' length: 8'0' v: 160/130/45 range: 550. POP: 1 [X13661], repowered in 1934 with Salmson. Advertised to home-builders as 'The vest pocket sport plane,' plans had first appeared in periodicals as early as 1929, but major popularity came when published in a 1932 Popular Aviation.
Knight KT [N13N] (Tom Mosher coll)
Knight KT [N25C] (K O Eckland coll)
KT, KT-50, -75, -80, -90, -95 aka Kay-Tee Pursuit 1938 = 1pOB. The final design, and most common of Payne's popular home-built models. Fabric-covered steel-tube fuselage, plywood-covered wood-frame wings and tail group. (Continental powered) 50hp KT-50 had thinner tubing (20- to 22-gage); span: 18'0' length: 13'3' load: 306# v: 120/x/35 range: 540. 75hp KT-75 used #1025 carbon steel; span: 15'0' length: 13'6' load: 270# v: 155/x/35 range: 510. 90hp KT-90 used chrome-moly steel; span: 15'0' length: 13'6' load: 348# v: 180/x/55 range: 610. Also KT-80 for 80hp Franklin and KT-95 for 95hp Lambert.
KT-125 c.1960 = Recent version of KT-85 with 185hp motor; load: 600# v: 178/152/73 range: 354.
KTD-2 1935 = 1pOB; 70hp Douglas Bearcat (Ford B); span: 15'0' length: 12'8'. POP: 1 [13661], registration from KT.
KTS-1 1933 = KT with 40hp Salmson AD-9; span: 15'0' length: 10'9' v: 120. POP: 1 [13661].
KTT-90 c.1960 = Recent version of KT-85 with 90hp Continental C-90; span: (upper) 18'0' (lower) 16'0' load: 325# v: 155/125/51 range: 340.
MC-7 1938 = 2pOlwM; Franklin pusher. Side-by-side cockpit; wide fuselage with twin-booms and twin-tails. POP: 1.
SKT-1 Sunday Knight Twister 1966 = 1pOB; 125hp Lycoming; span: 19'6' length: 15'6' v: 145/130/50 rang: 500 ceiling: 16,000'. Largest of the Twister family.
Knoll
1928: (Felix W A) Knoll Aircraft Corp, 471 W 1st St, Wichita KS. 1930: Bankruptcy; assets sold to Yellow Air Cab Co.Knoll KN-1 [X9090] missing a sawhorse (1929 Aviation)
KN-1 1928 = 5pCB; 220hp Wright J-5; span: 33'6' length: 23'3' load: 1250# v: 130/110/45; ff: 12/30/28 [X9090] (p: Howard Jones). Felix Knoll, Hubert Schwenke. 142-gallon fuel tank for extended range; plywood-clad wings. Each of three passenger compartments had its own door. Featured a unique mounting system in which the motor could be removed in 30 minutes. POP: 2 [8861] c/n 102 with 300hp Wright and [9090] c/n 100, plus 3 exports (possibly c/ns 101, 103/104). SEE Victor-Knoll.
(My grandfather) returned from a short vacation and saw that the crew had painted the popular cartoon, Felix the Cat, on the door—the port side had doors, the starboard side had only painted doors (also with Felix the Cat). He was very upset, but the cats stayed on the plane. Three KN-1s were sold to Mexico, and rumors have it that there are two alongside the road in a terrible state of decay south of Rosa Beach. Colors were blue for the fuselage and orange for the wings and horizontal stabilizer. Most all of the KN-1 documents that remained are in the Smithsonian, donated by his eldest son (my uncle). (— Patric Knoll 5/18/04)
KN-2 1929 = Unknown type; Wright J-6. [8899] c/n 103.
Knoll KN-3 [9950] (Wichita State Univ Library)
KN-3 1929 = 5pO/CB; 450hp P&W Wasp; span: 33'6' length: 24'3' load: 1250# v: 175/155/52 range: 800. Harold Zipp. Pilot in an open cockpit behind the cabin. $20,000. [9950] c/n 204.
KN-4, -5 - 1929-30 Design projects only.
KN-4 apparently was going to be a racer and KN-5 a 2pCB sportplane, seemingly larger version of KN-1 and -2. (— Patric Knoll 7/23/04)
KN-6 - Amphibian design was not built, but it led to Knoll-Brayton.
Knoll
Richard Knoll, Ogallala NB.Knoll-Brayton
(Felix W A) Knoll-(---) Brayton Aeronautical Corp, Norwich CT.Knoll-Brayton [X952M] (Knoll family coll)
1931 = 3pOhwMAm; Menasco Buccaneer pusher. All-metal hull, parasol wing. Design based on unbuilt Knoll KN-6. [X952M]. Dubbed Sachem, likely honoring Sachem Head CT.
Knowlton
No data.LSP 1931 = 2pOM; 45hp Szekely. [12074] c/n 100A. Also known as Brazil Aircraft Co Lion Monoplane, with no explanation. SEE Brazil.
Knowlton
Donald Knowlton. No location.Jodette c.1966 = No data. [2811J].
Knox
E J Knox, Portland OR.Knox Special 4 [12773] (Frank Rezich coll)
Special 4 1934 = 1pOhwM; 120hp Tips & Smith (static LeRhône rotary). Strut-braced parasol wing. [12773] c/n 5.
Koehler
Harold Koehler, Akron OH.Air-Roamer 4 1937 = 2pOM; 55hp Ford. [N20487].
Racer 1947 = 1pOlwM; 85hp Continental C-85. Midget racer Rusty (p: Bob Gaffney) [N5589N].
Kolb
(Homer) Kolb Co Inc, Phoenixville PA.Laser 1991 = 1pClwM; 65hp Rotax 582. [N460KC].
Kohlruss
Christian F Kohlruss, Augusta GA.Koppen Puritan SEE Puritan
Koslowski
Charles D Kozlowski, Raritan NJ.Short-T 1957 = 1pOB; 80hp Continental A-80. No data. [N67N].
Kowalke
Levern P Kowalke, Wall Lake IA.Sport 1933 = 1pOB; 35hp Anzani. Lincoln Sport kit modified with a welded steel fuselage and tail instead of the specified wood frame, and wing N-struts replacing I-struts. [10485].
Koun
Young Ho Koun, Roosevelt Field, NYC.Kouns-Craft [37156]
Kouns-Craft 1939 = 1pOlwM; 40hp Continental A-40. A piteous journey of a Chinese cook into the realm of flight featured his odd creation, registered as 'Koun's Aircraft - Dirigible - Helicopter (Pats. Pending).' Built mainly from parts of other aircraft, the wing was built by Koun and a friend and fitted with a large airfoil-shaped bin on each wing, to be filled with helium before flights, assumably to help the lifting qualities. Wings had outrigger wheels to keep the drooping tips from dragging on the ground. The 'helicopter' part was its engine, which was mounted on a gimbel so that it could swivel up and down. During a run-up test, it broke its tethers and, pilotless, led inventor Koun and his crew on a wild chase around the field, miraculously missing other aircraft, until the engine quit from a fuel blockage. It was reportedly damaged in the episode and never did fly. The CAA refused to issue an Experimental Certificate, even though they did assign registration [37156], and Koun's dream, along with $6,000 and five years of work, sadly went down the drain.
Kraemer
L A Kraemer, Rapid City SD.LK-1 Rapid Rambler c.1950 = 1pChwM; 65hp Continental A-65; span: 24'6' length: 18'3' v: x/95/x. Built-up from various lightplane parts. [N6002V].
LV-1 1964 = 1pClwM; 90hp Continental C-90; span 21'10' length: 17'5' load: 340# v: 140/120/70 range: 300. Stits Playboy wing, original airframe. [N58V].
Kraft
Phil Kraft, Oceanside CA.Super Fli 1974 = 1pClwM; 200hp Avco Lycoming IO-360; span: 18'2' load: 420# v: 200/165/40 range: 300; ff: 12/?/74. [N5PK].
Krapish
(Alexander Peter) Krapish Aircraft Co, Kearney NJ & Squantum MA.K-4 1930 = 2pOlwM; 85hp Wright-Gypsy; span: 30'0' length: 24'0' load: 700# v: 132/115/46 range: 650. Al Krapish. Full-panted wheels; plywood-clad fuselage. Claimed flown once by Charles Lindbergh, who was quite impressed with its performance, but plans for further production were cancelled by the Depression [NR310V].
It was never flown by Lindbergh—at least he never entered it in his logbook. (John W Underwood )
Kreider-Reisner, Challenger
1925: (Ammon 'Amos' H) Kreider-(Lewis E) Reisner Flying Service. 1927: Kreider-Reisner Aircraft Co, Hagerstown MD. 1929: Acquired by Fairchild Aircraft Corp.Kreider-Reisner A
A Midget 1926 = 1pOlwM; 29hp Wright-Morehouse; span: 20'0' length: 15'2' load: 490# v: 112/x/48. Charles W Meyers. Won Scientific American Trophy at 1926 Nationals.
C-1 1927 = 2pOB; 90hp Curtiss OX-5. Charles Meyers. No data, but design was basically that of Waco 10. POP: 1, flown extensively by Kreider in evaluation, the basic design evolved into the Challenger series.
Kreider-Reisner C-2 (Richard Reublin coll)
C-2, C-2A Challenger 1927 (ATC 19) = 3pOB; 90hp Curtiss OX-5; span: 30'1' length: 23'9' load: 842# v: 98/85/37 range: 340. A H Kreider. $2,240; POP: about 167. Became Fairchild KR-31 with the distinction of being the only plane design (excluding wartime military planes) produced by six different companies: Detroit, Fairchild, Hammond, K-R, Parks, and Ryan. One used as a test bed for 100hp Ranger 6-375 [X311H]; other motors used were Curtiss OXX-6, Hallett H-256, Warner Scarab.
Kreider-Reisner C-3 Prototype [X7433] (Joseph Juptner coll)
C-3 Challenger 1928 (ATC 97) = 3pOB; 110hp Warner Scarab; span: 30'1' length: 23'6' load: 835# v: 110/90/40 range: 425. $5,000. POP: 4 conversions of C-2; one repowered with 130hp Hallett [X7038]; three modified as C-5 in 1929. There is doubt that the C-3 designation was actually applied, and might have been a design number only.
C-4 (Fairchild KR-34) 1928 (ATC 88) = 3pOB; 130hp Comet and others; span: 30'1' length: 23'2' load: 1069# v: 115/98/45 range: 550. $6,500; POP: 4. Company became a division of Fairchild Aircraft in 1929; the brand was officially changed to Fairchild in 1935 after some 258 planes were built under the K-R name.
Kreider-Reisner C-4B [C495E] (Joseph Juptner coll)C-4B 1928 = 150hp Comet. POP: 4.
C-4C 1928 (ATC 162) = 165hp Wright J-6. POP: about 60, which might include some Fairchild Co production as KR-34C.
C-4D 1929 = 165hp Curtiss Challenger. POP: 1.
C-5 1929 (ATC 2-44) = C-3 with increase in allowable weight and other minor improvements. POP: 3. Although the name Challenger had been downplayed, these later K-Rs were often still popularly referred to thusly.C-6, -6A 1931 = 2pOB; 110hp Warner Scarab; span: 27'0' length: 22'1'. POP: 2 prototypes for Fairchild KR-21 [X207V, X576E].
C-6B 1931 (ATC 2-338) = 100hp Kinner K-5. POP: 5 [NC859H/863H], the last three of which appear on registers as Fairchild KR-21.C-7 1931 = 2pOhwM; 85hp Genet; span: 32'10' length: 22'0'. George Hardman. POP: 1 prototype for Fairchild 22-C7
Vw Beetle Engine Serial Number Location Chart
[X783W].Kreider-Reisner XC-31 [34-026] (USAF Museum)
C-31 SEE Fairchild C-31.
Kreider-Reisner KR-31 [N838E] (Joseph Juptner coll)
KR- models SEE Fairchild.
Krenzer
Frank Krenzer, Holcomb NY.WB-1 Whistle Bait c.1960 = 1pOB; 65hp Continental A-65-8; span: 15'10' length: 15'4' v: x/136/x. POP: 1 [N5460H], cost $700 to build.
Kreutzer, Air Transport
1928: Joseph Kreutzer Corp, 1801 S Hope St, Los Angeles CA; 1929: Clover Field, Santa Monica CA (former Bach factory). 1929: Acquisition and reorganization by Harry Throckmorton and a group of investors. 1931: Operations suspended. 1935: Reorganized as Air Transport Mfg Co (vp: Albin K Peterson).K-1 Air Coach 1928 = 4pChwM; three 65hp Velie M-5; span: 48'6' length: 28'6' load: 1267# v: 110/95/38 range: 550-600; ff: 12/5/28 (p: Henry Ogden). Lawrence Brown, Albin Peterson, based on Brown-Mercury C-2. POP: 1 prototype [X71E]. The brainchild of Larry Brown, it proved disappointing in that it was barely able to clear the mountains on its shakedown cruise, which was Ogden's honeymoon. Later equipped with a single 330hp J6-9 and a hopper and used by the Vremsak Ag operation until totaled in a crash while dusting bean fields at Yuba City in 1936. (— John W Underwood)
Kreutzer K-2 [X612]
K-2 Air Coach 1929 (ATC 171, 2-94) = 6pChwM; one 90hp + two 60hp LeBlond; span: 48'10' length: 33'6' load: 1748# v: 115/97/45 range: 575. $15,800 including electric starter. POP: 4 [X/NC612, NC847H, NC9354, NC9493]. (2-94) for [NC9354] conversion as K-3. [NC612] was restored and active into the new millenium, converted to K-5.
Kreutzer K-3 [C9494] (Frank Rezich coll)
K-3 Air Coach 1929 (ATC 170) = 6pChwM; three 90hp LeBlond 7D (first tried with 55hp Velie); span: 48'10' length: 33'6' load: 1117# v: 120/100/43 range: 550. $17,950; POP: 2 [NC211M, NC9494] and 2 conversions from K-2 [NC612=XB-AHO, NC9354], the first of which returned to the USA in 1986 for restoration to flying condition.
Kreutzer K-5 [NC243M] (O Phillips coll via Frank Rezich coll)
Kreutzer K-5 [NC982H] (Douglas Rolfe coll)
K-5 Air Coach, T-6 Air Coach 1929 (ATC 223) = 6pChwM; three 100hp Kinner K-5; span: 48'10' length: 33'6' load: 1698# v: 130/110/45 (?>140/125/47) range: 520. $18,500; POP: 8 [NC187W, NC243M/244M, NC982H/983H, NC995Y, NC9354, x]. Design revived in 1935 as Air Transport T-6, but without recorded success. SEE General-Western.
Krier-Kraft
Harold Krier, Wichita KS.Acromaster c.1963 = 1pCB; 185hp Warner J; span: 23'8' length: 19'8' load: 300# v: x/130/x. Performed at National Air Shows. [N5400E].
Kucher
1916: Andrew A Kucher, Jersey City NJ. Oct 1928: Kucher Airplane Corp, 2206 Valentine Ave, Bronx NY.Kucher Club Plane Ad art from company brochure
Club Plane 1929 = 2pChwM; 110hp Warner Scarab; span: 34'0' length: 23'7' load: 600# v: 110/85/42 range: 1050. Initially had 80hp Anzani; ff: 6/?/29 (p: Wilmer Stultz). POP: 1 [3023]. Planned production (of 270 planes) never began because of the Depression. Kucher went on to become a vice-president of Ford Motor Co after WW2.
Red Devil Flivver 1916 = 1pOmwM; 32hp Indian. POP: 1 designed and built by Kucher while a high-school student. Painfully underpowered, it just barely attained flight.
Kuhnert
Sam W Kuhnert, Camp Hill PA.Vw Beetle Engine Serial Number Location List
Kuhnert Photoplane (Aviation via Joe Martin)
Photoplane 1925 = 1pOmwM; 30hp Lawrance A-2; span: 30'2' length: 18'3' load: 200# v: 70/x/20. Built entirely from parts of other planes; wings were modified from a de Havilland DH-9. As the name implies, it was designed for aerial photography with a large-format camera attached under the fuselage. Its first flight ended as a crash-landing into a chicken-house after take-off (p: Clair K Rodgers). Following a patch-up, the second flight ended in a wing failure during landing, and another crash. After reconstruction, it was blown into a neighbor's field by a windstorm, then the project was abandoned. Some things just weren't meant to fly.
Kurzenberger
Richard Kurzenberger, Horsehead NY.Vw Beetle Engine Id
Mini-Stuka 1987 = 2pClwM; 260hp Lycoming GO-435; span: 33'6' length: 24'6'. 7/10 scale replica of German Stuka dive-bomber.
Kutnar
Virgil Kutnar, San Francisco CA.Kutnar Rotorplane Concept model (magazine clip)
Rotorwing 1936 = No data found on this project except that it was 'designed for taking off in vertical flight without any forward motion'—a flying elevator? Rotating wingforms would be driven by bicyclelike chains from an internal engine.
Vw Serial Number Search
| 'If you are in trouble anywhere in the world, an airplane can fly over and drop flowers, but a helicopter can land and save your life.' — Igor Sikorsky, 1947 'However, a helicopter having the inherent aerodynamic quality of an anvil, some of its incredibly busy vital parts will eventually fly off and an uncompromising force of gravity take over from there. Then an airplane can fly over and drop flowers.' — W Zeckendorf, 2002 |